I design biomedical instruments on the frontier between optics, electronics, and medicine. I work on portable and field clinical equipment, medical equipment for challenging environments, sensing for robotic surgery and digital healthcare. I pursue my activity on a global scale, to empower citizens to manage and improve health, live better lives, and to provide a pathway to healthcare equity and sustainability.
My first job was with the Italian national Institute for Physics of Matter, where I worked first on optical equipment for colloid physics and high-vacuum technologies, moving then onto biomedical instrumentation.
2001
IRIS-3
IRIS-3 was a device to measure muscle oxygenation in athletes and cardiac patients. I built it with my students, and the inner workings are covered by my very first patent.
2002
Tracking microscope
In 2002 I patented a microscope for cells freely floating in a liquid, that could lock the image onto the cells, and follow them around.
Image: Medinet Srl
2002
Respivol
Respivol is a simple and inexpensive device that helps to exercise deep breathing. It is used by patients with lung problems and by sportsmen. My third patent, and my first device to be mass-produced.
Image: Enki Srl
2003
Ki-Beam
Up until the invention of Ki-Beam, when liquids needed to be analysed using synchrotron radiation, they needed to be held in extremely fragile glass tubes. In 2003 I patented Ki-Beam, plastic test tubes that survive the extreme intensity of synchrotron x-rays, more than a billion times stronger than a laboratory source.
Image: Optika Microscopes
2005
Optika Microscopes
In 2005 I moved to Industry, as Head of R&D for Optika Microscopes, a leading European microscope manufacturer.
2006
Microscopes, microscopes, microscopes
In Optika I designed numerous microscopes, ranging from fluorescence, to biological, to gemmographic units, and I directed the R&D and technical activities of the company.
Image: Remi Mathis via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
2008
In Scotland, at the University of St Andrews
In 2008 I moved to Scotland, and returned to aacdemia, with a fellowship at the University of St Andrews, working on biomedical photonic technologies.
2008
Nanoparticles in criminal detection
Returning to academia in 2008, my first design was a camera to detect fingerprints on crime scenes. Chemist colleagues were designing nanoparticle-based fingerprint enchancers, to be used in combination with my camera.
2009
Araknes
In 2009 I joined Araknes, an international surgical robotics collaboration led by Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, in Italy. From Scotland, I begun developing sensors for the navigation of the surgical robots.
2010
Optical coherence tomography
Light can be used for 3D reconstruction of minute details inside tissue. In 2010 I started developing instruments to use this technique for surgical guidance. A few years later, I showed that it can be used to guide delicate neurosurgery.
2012
Artificial synaesthesia
In 2012 I developed a technology that allowed surgeons to feel under their hands differences in colour as harder or softer texture, so that they can accurately follow contour lines by "leaning" their scalpel along the colours.
2013
Phone-based ophthalmoscopy
In early 2013 I designed a small plastic clip that fits on a smartphone and allows it to image the back of the eye. The clip was immediately deployed in Kenya in a collaboration with the Scottish National Health Service and with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Within a few months, the study had spread to many other countries around the world.
2013
Sensing cell growth
My last technology developed in St Andrews was a technique to detect bacterial growth with extremely high sensitivity, to understand whether the bacteria are sensitive to antibiotics.
Image: StrathclydeGuy via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
2013
University of Strathclyde
In September 2013 I have joined the Department of Biomedical Engineering of the University of Strathclyde, in Glasgow.
2015
Virtual reality
With the availability of low-cost virtual reality goggles, in 2015 I started analysing the applications of virtual reality to medical diagnostics, to present tests as games for children, to replace complex visualisation systems with their virtual counterparts, and to operate equipment remotely.
Image: Index: Design to Improve Life
2015
INDEX: Design to Improve Life
In 2015, my devices for ophthalmoscopy were awarded an INDEX: Design To Improve Life award, so that they could be manufactured and made available to the medical community.
2015
Looking at the eyes of pre-term babies
Very premature babies are at high risk of a blinding disease called Retinopathy of Prematurity, or ROP. In 2015 I patented a handheld low-cost camera for ROP detection.
Image: Eva Wolf via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
2016
3D printing hospital equipment
Getting equipment to field hospitals in natural disasters or war zones can be extremely difficult. In 2016, I started looking at 3D printing to build medical instruments and tools directly inside camp hospitals.
2017
Pill sensors
Sensors can be swallowed and transmit data from inside our body. In 2017 I started a collaboration with a European partner to develop a high-speed data link from pills inside the body to the outside world.
Image: NHS Forth Valley, UK
2018
Teleophthalmology
At the end of 2018, in collaboration with NHS Forth Valley, UK, I participated in setting up a service for eye doctors to connect remotely to patients for eye emergencies.
Image: Luis Lima89989 via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
2018
Sound!
In 2018, following my passion for music, I begun an exploration of digital sound synthesis for mobile medical diagnostics.
Image: CDC
2020
COVID-19
On 24 March 2020 my laboratory entered COVID-19 lockdown. It will remain closed for more than a year. During this period, I worked with the Teleophthalmology Lead of the Scottish Government to set up the Scottish emergency services for eye care.
Image: Ian Coghill
2021
3D imaging of the eyes
As soon as the labs re-opened after the Covid lock-down, I explored technologies for simple and inexpensive 3D imaging of the back of the eye, to diagnose glaucoma.
2023
Synthetic sound
Measuring our capacity to distinguish sound direction is complex and expensive. In 2023 I started exploring digital sound synthesis for the diagnostics of spatial hearing.
Image: DALL·E 3
2024
Medical AI
Between 2023 and 2024, the rapid evolution of Artificial Intelligence technologies triggered an important reflection on the ethics and governance of AI. In late 2023, I was invited by the Italian Telemedicine Society to coordinate their National Committee on Artificial Intelligence, that gathers medical, ethics, anthropology, governance, and technology experts to examine the implications of AI for telemedicine, and for medicine in general.
Dunn MJ, Alexander RG, Amiebenomo OM, Arblaster G, Atan D, Erichsen JT, Ettinger U, Giardini ME, Gilchrist ID, Hamilton R, Hessels RS, Hodgins S, Hooge ITC, Jackson BS, Lee H, Macknik SL, Martinez-Conde,S, McIlreavy L, Muratori LM, Niehorster DC, Nyström M, Otero-Milan J, Schlüssel MM, Self JE, Singh T, Smyrnis N, Sprenger A. Minimal reporting guideline for research involving eye tracking (2023 edition). Behavior Research Methods 2023; DOI 10.3758/s13428-023-02187-1
Ghazala F, Hamilton R, Giardini ME, Ferguson A, Poyser OBL, Livingstone IAT. Live teleophthalmology avoids escalation of referrals to secondary care during COVID-19 lockdown. Clinical and Experimental Optometry 2021;104(6):711-716. DOI 10.1080/08164622.2021.1916383
Vivas-Mateos G, Livingstone IAT, Hamilton R, Cheema A, Giardini ME. Too many shades of grey: photometrically and spectrally mismatched targets and backgrounds in printed acuity tests for infants and young children. Translational Vision Science & Technology 2020;9:12. DOI 10.1167/tvst.9.12.12
Ghazala FR, Hamilton R, Giardini ME, Livingstone IAT. Teleophthalmology techniques increase ophthalmic examination distance. Eye 2020;July (online). DOI 10.1038/s41433-020-1085-8
Clark R, Blundell J, Dunn MJ, Erichsen JT, Giardini ME, Gottlob I, Harris C, Lee H, Mcilreavy L, Olson A, Self JE, Vinuela-Navarro V, Waddington J, Woodhouse JM, Gilchrist ID, Williams C. The potential and value of objective eye tracking in the ophthalmology clinic. Eye 2019;33(8):1200-1202. DOI 10.1038/s41433-019-0417-z
Jordan KC, Menolotto M, Bolster NM, Livingstone IAT, Giardini ME. A review of feature-based retinal image analysis. Expert Review of Ophthalmology 2017;12(3):207-220. DOI 10.1080/17469899.2017.1307105
Giardini ME, Zippo AG, Valente M, Krstajic N, Biella GEM. Electrophysiological and anatomical correlates of spinal cord optical coherence tomography. PLoS One 2016;11(4):e0152539. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0152539
Livingstone IAT, Tarbert CM, Giardini ME, Bastawrous A, Middleton D, Hamilton R. Photometric compliance of tablet screens and retro-illuminated acuity charts as visual acuity measurement devices. PLoS One 2016;11(3):0150676. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0150676
Bolster NM, Giardini ME, Bastawrous A. The diabetic retinopathy screening workflow: potential for smartphone imaging. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 2016;10:318-324. DOI 10.1177/1932296815617969
Bastawrous A, Giardini ME, Bolster NM, Peto T, Shah N, Livingstone IAT, Weiss HA, Hu S, Rono H, Kuper H, Burton M. Clinical validation of a smartphone-based adapter for optic disc imaging in Kenya. JAMA Ophthalmology 2016;134:151-158. DOI 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.4625
Giardini ME. The Portable Eye Examination Kit: mobile phones can screen for eye disease in low-resource settings. IEEE Pulse 2015;6:15-17
Bolster NM, Giardini ME, Livingstone IAT, Bastawrous A. How the smartphone is driving the eye-health imaging revolution. Expert Review of Ophthalmology 2014;9:475-485. DOI 10.1586/17469899.2014.981532
Ashok PC, Giardini ME, Dholakia K, Sibbett W. Raman spectroscopy bio-sensor for tissue discrimination in surgical robotics. Journal of Biophotonics 2014;7(1-2):103-109. DOI 10.1002/jbio.201300034
Krstajic N, Brown CTA, Dholakia K, Giardini ME. Tissue surface as the reference arm in Fourier domain optical coherence tomography. Journal of Biomedical Optics 2012;17(7):071305. DOI 10.1117/1.JBO.17.7.071305
Chianura A, Giardini ME. An electrooptical muscle contraction sensor. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 2010;48(7):731-734. DOI 10.1007/s11517-010-0626-x
Levell JW, Giardini ME, Samuel IDW. A Hybrid Organic Semiconductor/Silicon Photodiode for Efficient Ultraviolet Photodetection. Optics Express 2010;18(4):3219-3225. DOI 10.1364/OE.18.003219
Biella GEM, Trevisan S, Giardini ME, Probing for local activity-related modulation of the infrared backscattering of the brain cortex. Journal of Biophotonics 2009;2(10):588-595. DOI 10.1002/jbio.200810067
Trevisan S, Bavera M, Giardini ME. Portable Instrument for In-vivo Infrared Oxymetry Using Spread-Spectrum Modulation. Journal of Instrumentation 2007;2:P04005. DOI 10.1088/1748-0221/2/04/P04005
Battaglia E, Fulgenzi A, Bernucci S, Giardini ME, Ferrero ME. Home Respiratory Muscle Training in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Respirology 2006;11(6):799-804. DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2006.00951.x
Tognini P, Parravicini GB, Fornari L, Stella A, Kofman R, Cheyssac P, Giardini ME. Capacitance-Conductance Investigation on the Phase Transitions in Ga Nanoparticles. Thin Solid Films 2000;380(1-2):230-232. DOI 10.1016/S0040-6090(00)01529-7
Sassella A, Tubino R, Borghesi A, Giardini ME, Quadrelli L. Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Measurements on an anisotropic organic crystal: potassium acid phtalate. Thin Solid Films 1998;313:347-350. DOI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00844-4
Mantegazza F, Degiorgio V, Giardini ME, Price AL, Steytler DC, Robinson BH. Transient Electric Birefringence Study of Rod-Shaped Water-In-Oil Microemulsions. Langmuir 1998;14(1):1-7. DOI 10.1021/la970888d
Delgado AV, Carrique F, Arroyo FJ, Bellini T, Mantegazza F, Giardini ME, Degiorgio V. Frequency Dependence of the Dielectric and Electro-Optic Response in Suspensions of Charged Rod-like Colloidal Particles. Colloids and Surfaces A 1998;140(1-3):157-167. DOI 10.1016/S0927-7757(97)00274-4
Comoretto D, Moggio I, Cuniberti C, Dellepiane G, Giardini ME, Borghesi A. Long-lived Photoexcited States in Polydiacetylenes with Different Molecular and Supramolecular Organization. Physical Review B 1997;56(16):10264-10270. DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.10264
Marazzi M, Giardini ME, Borghesi A, Sassella A, Alessandri M, Ferroni G. Optical Properties of Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Films Deposited by Single-Wafer Chemical Vapor Deposition. Thin Solid Films 1997;296(1-2):91-93. DOI 10.1016/S0040-6090(96)09376-5
Borghesi A, Giardini ME, Marazzi M, Sassella A, De Santi G. Ellipsometric Characterization of Amorphous and Polycrystalline Silicon Films Deposited Using a Single Wafer Reactor. Applied Physics Letters 1997;70(7):892-894. DOI 10.1063/1.118306
Comoretto D, Moggio I, Dell'Erba C, Cuniberti C, Musso CF, Dellepiane G, Rossi L, Giardini ME, Borghesi A. Effect of Interchain Separation on the Photoinduced Absorption Spectra of Polycarbazolyldiacetylenes., Physical Review B 1996;54(23):16357-16360. DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.54.1635
Giardini ME, Cristiani I, Piazza R, Degiorgio V. Apparatus for Time-Resolved Measurements of Acoustic Birefringence in Particle Dispersions. Review of Scientific Instruments 1995;66(2):1077-1082. DOI 10.1063/1.1146049
Mantegazza F, Giardini ME, Degiorgio V, Asnaghi D, Giglio M. Electric Birefringence Study of Reaction-Limited Colloidal Aggregation. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 1995;170(1):50-56. DOI 10.1006/jcis.1995.1070
Asnaghi D, Giglio M, Mantegazza F, Giardini ME, Degiorgio V. Kerr Effect from Fractal Aggregates of Polystyrene Microspheres. Il Nuovo Cimento D 1994;16(8):1237-1241. DOI 10.1007/BF02458806
Rzoska SJ, Degiorgio V, Giardini M. Relationship Between the Dielectric Properties and the Critical Behavior of the Electric Birefringence in Binary Liquid Mixtures. Physical Review E 1994;49(6):5234-5237. DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.49.5234
Degiorgio V, Mantegazza F, Giardini M, Piazza R, Bellini T. Electric Birefringence Study of the Dielectric Properties of Anisotropic and Electrically Charged Latex Particles. Journal de Physique IV, Colloque C1, 1993;3:129-142. DOI 10.1051/jp4:1993112
Mantegazza F, Giardini M, Piazza R, Degiorgio V. The Kerr Effect in Aqueous Dispersions of Anisotropic and Electrically Charged Latex Particles. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 1992;4(45):8683-8696. DOI 10.1088/0953-8984/4/45/004
Masetti E, Giardini ME, Ruggeri M, Rovati L. Laplacian-based focus measure allows rapid focus estimation of annular regions in gray-scale images. Proceedings of the IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) 2023 1-6. DOI 10.1109/i2mtc53148.2023.10176114
Katsafadou M, Giardini ME. Source multiplexing enhances the number of channels of a multispectral sensor. Proceedings of the 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2022) 2455-2458. DOI 10.1109/EMBC48229.2022.9871570
Menolotto M, Giardini ME. The use of datasets of bad quality images to define fundus image quality. Proceedings of the 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2022) 504-507. DOI 10.1109/EMBC48229.2022.9871614
Menolotto M, Livingstone IAT, Giardini ME. An imaging-based autorefractor. Proceedings of the IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) 2021 1-6. DOI 10.1109/I2MTC50364.2021.9460024
Coghill I, Giardini ME. Stereo Vision based Optic Nerve Head 3D Reconstruction using a Slit Lamp fitted with Cameras: Performance Trial with an Eye Phantom. Proceedings of the IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) 2021 1-6. DOI 10.1109/I2MTC50364.2021.9459972
Coghill I, Black RA, Livingstone IAT, Giardini ME. Low-cost eye phantom for stereophotogrammetry-based optic nerve head topographical 3D imaging. Proceedings of the 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2020) 1604-1607. DOI 10.1109/EMBC44109.2020.9175326
Vivas-Mateos G, Boswell S, Livingstone IAT, Giardini ME. Screen and virtual reality-based testing of contrast sensitivity. Proceedings of the 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2020) 6054-6057. DOI 10.1109/EMBC44109.2020.9175595
Coghill I, Jordan KC, Black RA, Livingstone IAT, Giardini ME. 3D Reconstruction of the Optic Nerve Head of a Phantom Eye from Images Obtained using a Slit Lamp Fitted with Low Cost Add-Ons. Proceedings of the 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2019) 4717-4720. DOI 10.1109/EMBC.2019.8856654
Bolster NM, Bastawrous A, Giardini ME. Towards a workflow driven design for mHealth devices within temporary eye clinics in low-income settings. Proceedings of the 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2015) 7312-7315. DOI 10.1109/EMBC.2015.7320080
Giardini ME, Livingstone IAT, Jordan S, Bolster NM, Peto T, Burton M, Bastawrous A, A Smartphone Based Ophthalmoscope. Proceedings of the 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2014) 2177-2180. DOI 10.1109/EMBC.2014.6944049
Giardini ME, Klemm AB, Di Falco A, Krauss TF. Diffuse Reflectance Measurement Tool for Laparoscopic Surgery. Proceedings of SPIE 7715, Biophotonics: Photonic Solutions for Better Health Care II 2010:77150Z1-6. DOI 10.1117/12.854127
Giardini ME, Trevisan S. Portable High-End Instrument for In-Vivo Infrared Spectroscopy Using Spread-Spectrum Modulation, Proceedings of the 21st IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference 2004:860-863. DOI 10.1109/IMTC.2004.1351197
Giardini ME, Guizzetti GG, Bavera M, Lago P, Corti M, Falcone C. Near-infrared Spectroscopy Study of Tourniquet-Induced Forearm Ischaemia in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Proceedings of SPIE 4254, Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems III 2001:1-6. DOI 0.1117/12.427938
Giardini ME, Corti M, Guizzetti GG, Lago P, Gelmetti A, Danese G. Microcontroller-Based Digital Front-End for Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Proceedings of SPIE 3911, Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems II 2000:338-344. DOI 10.1117/12.384921
Giardini ME, Corti M, Lago P, Gelmetti A. Portable Microcontroller-Based Instrument for Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Proceedings of SPIE 3911, Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems II 2000:250-255. DOI 10.1117/12.384910
Giardini ME, Loconte L, Guizzetti GG, Gelmetti A, Lago P. Simple Instrument for the Chracterization of Diffuse Reflectance. Proceedings of SPIE 3568, Optical Biopsies and Microscopic Techniques III 1998:59-63. DOI 10.1117/12.336818
Gelmetti A, Giardini ME, Lago P, Pavesi R, Zambarbieri D, Maestri R, Felicetti G. Preliminary Study of Muscle Contraction Assessment by NIR Spectroscopy. Proceedings of SPIE 3199, Biomedical Systems and Technologies II 1998:61-67. DOI 10.1117/12.301108
Giardini ME, Livingstone IAT. Extending the Reach and Task Shifting Ophthalmology Diagnostics Through Remote Visualisation. In: Rea PM (ed.) Biomedical Visualisation. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer, Cham; 2020. vol. 1320 pp. 161-174 DOI 978-3-030-47483-6_9
Guizzetti GG, Danese G, Leporati F, Giardini ME. An Intelligent Acquisition System for Near Infrared Spectroscopy. In: M.Singh et al. (eds) Medical Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures. Narosa Publishing House, India; 2000. pp. 182-187
Piazza R, Degiorgio V, Giardini M, Mantegazza F. Static and Dynamic Electric Birefringence in Model Colloidal Dispersions of Intrinsically Anisotropic Particles. In: S.H.Chen et al. (eds) Structure and Dynamics of Strongly Interacting Colloids and Supramolecular Aggregates in Solution. Kluwer Academic Publisher; 1992. pp. 557-570. DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-2540-6_27
Optical measurement apparatus. GB 2118643.2 Inventors: Giardini ME, Coghill I, Jordan K, Black R. Priority: 21 December 2021
Testing system. GB2110698.4. Inventors: Giardini ME, Vivas-Mateos G. Priority: 26 July 2021
Monolithic Device for Surgical Procedures. Inventors: Di Falco A, Giardini ME, Krauss TF. Priority: 9 April 2010
Optical Detection System. WO2010055308. Inventors: Samuel IDW, Giardini ME, Panday AK. Priority: 14 November 2008
Apparatus and method for obtaining an image of a fluorescent pattern under ambient light. GB2009051627. Inventors: Giardini ME, Samuel IDW. Priority: 1 December 2008
Procedimento per la fabbricazione di microtubi plastici a parete sottile per la realizzazione di provette capillari e strumenti tubolari di laboratorio o medicali, nonchè strumenti ottenibili mediante tale procedimento. Italy TO2003A000433. Inventors: Giardini ME, Di Cecio M. Priority: 9 June 2003
Device for Assessment of Inhalation Flow and Volume. WO2005096933 Inventors: Apolet JB, Giardini ME. Priority: 11 October 2002
Optical microscope able to operate a rapid three dimensional modulation of the position of the observation point. PCT WO2004008218, US 2004/0252370. Inventors: Giardini ME, Corti MV, Botcherby SCL
Apparatus and Method for the Non-Invasive Measurement of Parameters Relating to Biological Tissues by Spectroscopy, in Particular with Infra-Red Light. WO2003014714. Inventors: Giardini ME, Guizzetti GG. Priority: 9 August 2001
Hamilton R, Giardini ME, Painter S, Livingstone IAT. Travel optional for eye appointments? Live teleophthalmology decision support and remote vision testing. Presented at: 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) - Glasgow (UK) 11-15 July 2022
Coghill I, Jordan KC, Menolotto M, Black RA, Giardini ME. Synthetic stereo images of the optic disc from the CORD dataset. Presented at: 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) - Berlin (Germany) 23-27 July 2019
Katsafadou M, Zimmermann M, Mahmood S, Schostek S, Giardini ME. Optical communications through tissue. Presented at: 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) - Berlin (Germany) 23-27 July 2019
Cameron SF, Giardini ME, Rowe P. Characterisation of a smartphone and sensor-based system for monitoring shoulder range of motion during daily activities. Presented at: 14th Congress of the European Forum for Research in Rehabilitation, Glasgow (UK) 24-27 May 2017
Bolster NM, Bastawrous A, Giardini ME. Towards a Workflow Driven Design for mHealth Devices within Temporary Eye Clinics in Low-Income Settings. Presented at: 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2015), Milan (Italy) 25-29 August 2015
Giardini ME, Livingstone IAT, Jordan S, Bolster NM, Peto T, Burton M, Bastawrous A. A Smartphone Based Ophthalmoscope. Invited communication at: 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2014), Chicago (USA) 26-30 August 2014
Giardini ME, Livingstone IAT, Bolster NM, Jordan S, Bastawrous A. Phone-based ophthalmoscopy for Peek, the Portable Eye Examination Kit. Presented at: 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2014), Chicago (USA) 26-30 August 2014
Livingstone IAT, Bastawrous A, Giardini ME, Jordan S. Peek: Portable Eye Examination Kit. The Smartphone Ophthalmoscope. Poster at: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) 2014, Orlando (USA), 4-8 May 2014
Zhang S, Bansal AK, Hou S, Xie G, Turnbull GA, Giardini ME, Samuel IDW. Organic Light-Emitting Diodes: From Controlled Light Emission to Biomedical Applications. Materials Research Society Fall Meeting (MRS) 2013, Boston (USA) 1-6 December 2013
Samuel IDW, Wang Y, Kanibolotsky AL, Skabara PJ, Bansal AK, Giardini ME, Turnbull GA. Organic optoelectronic sensors for security and medical applications. Invited communication at: SPIE Optics+Photonics 2013, San Diego (USA) 25-29 August 2013
Giardini ME, Krstajic N, Ashok PC, Singh GP, Stevenson D, Krauss TF, Dholakia K, Brown CTA, Sibbett W. Photonics for Robotic Surgical Guidance. Presented at: Society for Medical Innovation and Technology (SMIT) 2012, Barcelona (Spain) 20-22 September 2012
Ashok PC, Krstajic N, Giardini ME, Dholakia K, Sibbett W. Raman Spectroscopy Sensor for Surgical Robotics - Instrumentation and Tissue Differentiation Algorithm. Presented at: Biomedical Optics (BIOMED) 2012, Miami (USA) 18 April - 2 May 2012
Krstajic N, Ashok PC, Sibbett W, Brown CTA, Dholakia K, Giardini ME. Tissue Surface as the Reference Arm in Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography. Presented at: Biomedical Optics (BIOMED) 2012, Miami (USA) 18 April - 2 May 2012
Bansal AK, Wang Y, Giardini ME, Bowman E, Turnbull GA, Samuel IDW. Organic optoelectronic devices for sensing of tissue oxygenation and explosives. Presented at: SPIE Optics+Photonics 2012, San Diego (USA) 12-16 August 2012
Giardini ME, Krstajic N, Singh GP, Ashok PC, Stevenson D, Krauss TF, Dholakia K, Sibbett W, Brown CTA. A Photonic Diagnostic Toolkit for Robotic Surgery. Presented at: Society for Medical Innovation and Technology (SMIT) 2011, Tel Aviv (Israel) 13-16 September 2011
Giardini ME, Krstajic N, Kumar R, Dholakia K. MRI-compatible Intraoperative Photonic Diagnostics. Poster at: Society for Medical Innovation and Technology (SMIT) 2011, Tel Aviv (Israel) 13-16 September 2011
Giardini ME, Cassar TE. A Phantom for Optical Backscattering-Based Spinal Navigation. Poster at: Society for Medical Innovation and Technology (SMIT) 2011, Tel Aviv (Israel) 13-16 September 2011
Kumar R, Giardini ME, Samuel IDW, Dholakia K, Melzer A. Bio-photonic Techniques: Physical Principles and Potential Applications in Radiology. Presented at: Radiology Society of North America 2010 - Personalized Medicine: In Pursuit of Excellence, Chichago (USA) 28 November-3 December 2010
Giardini ME, Singh GP, Stevenson D, Krauss TF, Dholakia K, Sibbett W, Brown CTA. Optical Diagnostic Techniques for Robotic Surgery. Presented at: pHealth 2010 - 7th International Conference on Wearable Micro and Nano technologies for Personalised Health Berlin (Germany), 26-28 May 2010
Giardini ME, Klemm AB, Di Falco A, Krauss TF. Diffuse Reflectance Measurement Tool for Laparoscopic Surgery. Presented at: Photonics Europe 2010, Brussels (Belgium), 12-16 April 2010
Giardini ME, Singh GP, Stevenson D, Krauss TF, Dholakia K, Sibbett W, Brown CTA. Intraoperative Optical Diagnostics for Robotic Surgery. Poster at: Society for Medical Innovation and Technology (SMIT) 2009, Sinaia (Romania) 7-9 October 2009
Battaglia EG, Ferrero ME, Giardini ME, Apolet JB, Amaducci S. Flow-Volumetric inspiratory exerciser and improving of respiratory functional parameters in COPD patients. Presented at: European Respiratory Society 14th Annual Congress, Glasgow (UK), 4-8 September 2004
Giardini ME, Trevisan S. Portable High-End Instrument for In-Vivo Infrared Spectroscopy Using Spread-Spectrum Modulation. Invited communication at: 21st IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, Como (Italy), 18-20 May 2004
Giardini ME, Guizzetti GG, Bavera M, Lago P, Corti M, Falcone C. Near-infrared spectroscopy study of tourniquet-induced forearm ischaemia in patients with coronary artery disease. Presented at: Photonics West - BiOS 2001, San Jose (USA) 20-26 January 2001
Giardini ME, Corti M, Guizzetti GG, Lago P, Gelmetti A, Danese G. Microcontroller-Based Digital Front-End for Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Poster at: Photonics West - BiOS 2000, San Jose (USA) 22-28 January 2000
Giardini ME, Corti M, Lago P, Gelmetti A. Portable Microcontroller-Based Instrument for Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Presented at: Photonics West - BiOS 2000, San Jose (U.S.A.) 22-28 January 2000
Guizzetti GG, Danese G, Leporati F, Giardini ME. An Intelligent Acquisition System for Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Presented at: International Conference on Medical Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai (India), 15-17 December 1999
Giardini ME, Loconte L, Guizzetti GG, Gelmetti A, Lago P. A Simple Instrument for the Characterization of Diffuse Reflectance. Presented at: BiOS Europe 98, Stockholm (Sweden) 8-12 September 1998
Gelmetti A, Giardini ME, Lago P, Pavesi R, Zambarbieri D, Maestri R, Felicetti G. Preliminary Study of Muscle Contraction Assessment by NIR Spectroscopy. Poster at: BiOS Europe 97, Sanremo (Italy) 4-9 September 1997
Degiorgio V, Mantegazza F, Giardini ME, Robinson BH, Steytler DC, Price AL. Electric Birefringence Study of Rod-Shaped Water-in-Oil Microemulsion Presented at: XI Conference of the European Colloid and Interface Society, Lunteren (The Netherlands), 14-19 September 1997
Comoretto D, Moggio I, Cuniberti C, Dellepiane G, Lanzani G, Stagira S, Nisoli M, De Silvestri S, Rossi L, Giardini ME. Photoexcitations in different time domains on polycarbazolyldiacetylenes. Presented at: SPIE's International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering and Instrumentation, 27 July - 1 August 1997, San Diego (USA)
Sassella A, Tubino R, Borghesi A, Giardini ME, Quadrelli L. Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Measurements on an anisotropic organic crystal: potassium acid phtalate. Presented at: 2nd International Conference on Spectroscopic Ellipsometry, Charleston (USA), 12-15 May 1997
Marazzi M, Giardini ME, Borghesi A, Sassella A, Alessandri M, Ferroni G. Optical Properties of RTCVD Polycrystalline Thin Films. Presented at: E-MRS 1996 Spring Meeting, Strasbourg (France), 4-7 June 1996
Giardini ME, Cristiani I, Piazza R, Degiorgio V. Apparatus for Transient Acoustic Birefringence Measurements in Colloidal Dispersions. Poster and presentation at: Electroopto 94 - Dynamics of Polyelectrolytes, Colloids and Interfaces: Electrooptical Methods in (Bio)Technology and Medicine, Bielefeld (Germany) 4-9 September 1994
Giardini M, Mantegazza F, Degiorgio V, Asnaghi D, Giglio M. Kerr Effect from Fractal Aggregates of Polystyrene Microspheres. Presented at: 1st International Conference on Scaling Concepts and Complex Fluids, Catanzaro (Italy), 4-8 July 1994
Mantegazza F, Giardini M, Bellini T, Degiorgio V, Piazza R. Study of the Dielectric Behavior of Polyelectrolyte Solutions by Electric Birefringence. Presented at: Electrokinetic Phenomena 93, Granada (Spain), 13-16 September 1993
Giardini M, Mantegazza F, Degiorgio V, Asnaghi D, Giglio M. Electric Birefringence Study of Fractal Aggregation in a Colloidal Suspension. Poster at: European Physical Society 2nd Liquid Matter Conference, Florence (Italy), 18-22 September 1993
Mantegazza F, Giardini M, Piazza R, Degiorgio V. Kerr Effect in Aqueous Dispersions of Anisotropic and Electrically Charged Latex Particles. Presented at: VI Conference of the European Colloid and Interface Society, Graz (Austria), 21-25 September 1992
Giardini ME. Photonics for robotic surgical guidance. Invited communication at: Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Critical Care - Annual Scientific Meeting 2021 - Glasgow (UK) 17-18 November 2021
Giardini ME. L'esperienza di telemedicina in oftalmologia in Scozia nell'era COVID. Invited communication at: Congresso nazionale della Società Italiana Telemedicina, (Online, Italy), 22-23 October 2021
Giardini ME. Digital technologies to extend the reach of ophthalmology. Invited communication at: Technology Innovations for Healthcare. Edinburgh (UK), 12 March 2020
Giardini ME. University of Strathclyde + NHS: engineering solutions for teleophthalmology. Invited communication at: Digital Health and Care Fest 2019, Glasgow (UK), 20-21 November 2019
Livingstone IAT, Giardini ME. Ophthalmology with the remote video consultations in NHS Forth Valley. AHP Unscheduled Care, Glasgow (UK) 10 October 2019
Coghill I, Livingstone IAT, Black R, Giardini ME. Phantom eye optical nerve head 3D reconstruction from stereo images acquired using a novel simultaneous stereo fundus imaging technique. Poster at: BioMedEng19, London (UK) 5-6 September 2019
Sabiu B, Giardini ME. Spread spectrum based detection using a sound card. Poster at: BioMedEng19, London (UK) 5-6 September 2019
Vivas G, Livingstone IAT, Cheema A, Hamilton R, Giardini ME Photometric compliance of standard and digital infant acuity tests. Poster at: BioMedEng19, London (UK) 5-6 September 2019
Menolotto M, Jordan KC, Coghill I, Livingstone, IAT, Gilmour K, Giardini ME. Comprehensive Ophthalmic Research Database (CORD): a new framework for open access ophthalmic data. Presented at: Scottish Ophthalmology Club Spring Meeting 2019, Stirling (UK), 22 February 2019
Coghill I, Livingstone IAT, Black R, Giardini ME. Phantom eye optical nerve head 3D reconstruction from stereo images acquired using a novel simultaneous stereo fundus imaging technique. Poster at: BioMedEng19, London (UK), 5-6 September 2019
Vivas G, Livingstone IAT, Cheema A, Hamilton R, Giardini ME. Photometric compliance of standard and digital infant acuity tests. Poster at: BioMedEng19, London (UK), 5-6 September 2019
Sabiu B, Giardini ME. Spread spectrum based detection using a sound card. Poster at: BioMedEng19, London (UK), 5-6 September 2019
Coghill I, Jordan KC, Black RA, Livingstone IAT, Giardini ME. 3D reconstruction of the fundus of a phantom eye through stereo imaging of slit lamp images. Poster at: BioMedEng18, London (UK), 6 September 2018
Giardini ME. Ophthalmic imaging devices. Invited communication at: Scottish Ophthalmology Club Autumn Meeting 2018, Stirling (UK), 21 September 2018
Giardini ME. Phone Based Ophthalmoscopy. Invited communication at: IOP Meeting “Optics in Clinical Practice II”, London (UK), 26 November 2013
Krstajić N, Brown CTA, Dholakia K, Giardini ME. Tissue surface as the reference arm in Fourier domain optical coherence tomography. Presented at: IOP Half-Day Meeting: “Optical Coherence Tomography”, London (UK), 7 September 2011
Giardini ME. Photonic Technologies for Endoscopic and Laparoscopic Surgical Guidance. Presented at: IOP Meeting: “Optical Techniques in Clinical Practice”, London (UK), 20 July 2011
Klemm AB, James TD, Di Falco A, Giardini ME, Krauss TF. Integrated optical backscattering probe using plasmonic high contrast gratings for local assessment of tissue oxygenation. Presented at: UK Semiconductors 2011, Sheffield (UK), 6-7 July 2011
Levell JW, Giardini ME, Samuel IDW. Hybrid Photodiodes Making Use of Silicon and Solution Processable Organic Blends for Efficient UV-Visible Detection. Presented at: SID Organic Electronics UK 2009, London (UK) 28 - 29 September 2009
Giardini ME, Oliveri P. Advances in LED Fluorescence: Better Sources, Simpler Instruments, Wider Applications. Poster at: Microscopical Society of Ireland, 30th Annual Symposium, Galway (Ireland) 30 August - 1 September 2006
Trevisan S, Corti M, Botcherby SCL, Giardini ME. 3D Tracking Optical System. Poster at: INFMeeting 2004, Genova (Italy) 8-10 June 2004
Manuguerra M, Brambilla M, Trevisan S, Morini A, Giardini ME, Biella GEM. Neuronal Population Study of Non-Linear Mechanisms in the Thalamo-Cortico-Thalamic Loop. Poster at: INFMeeting 2004, Genova (Italy) 8-10 June 2004
Brambilla M, Panzeri S, Manuguerra M, Trevisan S, Morini A, Giardini ME, Biella GEM. Information Transfer in the Thalamo-Cortical-Thalamic Loop. Poster at: INFMeeting 2004, Genova (Italy) 8-10 June 2004
Morini A, Trevisan S, Brambilla M, Manuguerra M, Biella GEM, Giardini ME. Monte Carlo Simulation of Near-Infrared Light Propagation in a Realistic, Three-Dimensional Human Head and Brain Model. Poster at: INFMeeting 2004, Genova (Italy) 8-10 June 2004
Giardini ME, Di Cecio M, Pinelli M, Corti M, Cantù L. Novel Polymeric Capillary Test Tubes for X-ray Scattering and General Laboratory Use. Poster at: INFMeeting 2004, Genova (Italy) 8-10 June 2004
Battaglia E, Ferrero ME, Giardini ME, Fulgenzi A, Apolet JB, Amaducci A. Valutazione dell'efficacia dell'incentivatore d'inspirazione (Respivol-Medinet) nel miglioramento dei parametri di funzionalità respiratoria e di performance muscolare nel paziente affetto da patologie respiratorie croniche. Presented at: Associazione Italiana Pneumologi Ospedalieri (AIPO) - 5° Congresso Regionale Lombardia 2004, Milano (Italy) 22-24 January 2004
Giardini ME, Apolet JB, Battaglia E. Flow-Volumetric Single-Patient Inspiratory Exerciser. Poster at: INFMeeting 2003, Genova (Italy) 23-25 June 2003
Tripodi F, Giardini ME, Brocca P, Corti M. Laser Interferometer for the Measurement of the Oscillation of Gas Bubbles in Liquids. Poster at: INFMeeting 2002, Bari (Italy) 24-28 June 2002
Giardini ME, Bavera M, Guizzetti GG. Portable infrared spectrometer for high-end in-vivo measurements. Poster at: INFMeeting 2001, Rome (Italy) 18-22 June 2001
Guizzetti GG, Giardini ME, Corti M, Danese G, Falcone C, Lago P. Studio mediante spettroscopia infrarossa di ischemia indotta in pazienti coronaropatici. Presented at: LXXXVI Congresso Nazionale Società Italiana di Fisica, Palermo (Italy) 6-11 October 2000
Guizzetti GG, Giardini ME, Bavera M, Lago P, Corti M, Falcone C. A portable infrared spectrometer for in-vivo measurments of limb oxygenation. Poster at: eeting 2000, Genova (Italy) 12-16 June 2000
Giardini ME, Guizzetti GG, Corti M, Lago P, Danese G. Spettroscopia nel vicino infrarosso per misure di ossigenazione di tessuti umani. Presented at: Convegno NESSO-INFM “Ricerca Scientifica ed Innovazione nella Strumentazione: Sviluppi e Tendenze”, Rome (Italy) 11-12 November 1999
Guizzetti GG, Giardini ME, Zoncada M, Danese G. Spettroscopia NIR per la misura dell'ossigenazione di tessuti umani. Presented at: LXXXV Congresso Nazionale Società Italiana di Fisica, Pavia, 20-24 September 1999
Casavola C, Cicco G, Lugarà PM, Tommasi R, Cassano T, Catalano IM, Pirrelli A, Giardini ME. Non-invasive Optical Oxymetry. Poster at: INFMeeting '99, Catania (Italy) 14-18 June 1999
Danese G, Giardini ME, Guizzetti GG, Leporati F. Dedicated Instruments for the Determination of Biological Tissue Oxygenation. Presented at: INFMeeting '99, Catania (Italy) 14-18 June 1999
Danese G, Giardini ME, Guizzetti GG, Leporati F. Microcontroller-based Digital Front-end for Near Infrared Spectroscopy on Human Tissues. Poster at: INFMeeting '99, Catania (Italy) 14-18 June 1999
Giardini ME. An Instrumental Prototype for in-vivo Measurements of Biological Tissue Oxygenation. Poster at: INFMeeting '99, Catania (Italy) 14-18 June 1999
Giardini ME, Tesoro S, Lago P, Gelmetti A, Cortinovis M, Rossi A, Vitulo P. Caratterizzazione di una sorgente laser a semiconduttore per applicazioni chirurgiche. Presented at: Elettroottica '98: Strumentazione e Metodi di Misura Elettroottici, Matera (Italy) 12-14 May 1998
Sassella A, Borghesi A, Destri S, Giardini ME, Porzio W, Tubino R. Apparato per deposizione da fasci molecolari organici in ultra alto vuoto. Poster at: Convegno Nazionale INFM 1997, Trento (Italy) 27-30 January 1997
Giardini ME, Borghesi A, Dalla Bella L, Destri S, Porzio W, Sassella A, Tubino R. Crescita epitassiale da fasci molecolari di materiali organici. Invited communication at: Convegno Nazionale INFM-GNSM 1996, Lecce (Italy) 29 January - 2 February 1996
Giardini ME, Cristiani I, Piazza R, Degiorgio V. Apparato per misure di birifrangenza acustica in dispersioni colloidali. Presented at: LXXXI Congresso Nazionale Società Italiana di Fisica, Perugia (Italy) 2-7 October 1995
Giardini ME, Cristiani I, Piazza R, Degiorgio V. Apparato per misure di birifrangenza acustica risolta nel tempo in dispersioni colloidali. Poster at: Elettroottica '94: Strumentazione e Metodi di Misura Elettroottici, Pavia (Italy) 25-27 May 1994
Mantegazza F, Giardini M, Piazza R, Degiorgio V. Statica e dinamica dell'effetto Kerr in sospensioni colloidali di particelle sferiche otticamente anisotrope. Presented at: LXXVIII Congresso Nazionale Società Italiana di Fisica, Pavia (Italy) 5-10 October 1992
Giardini ME. Digital Technologies to Extend the Reach of Ophthalmology. Invited communication at: Technology Innovations for Healthcare, Edinburgh (UK), 12 March 2020
Giardini ME. Health is a Human Right. Invited panellist at: Digital Health technology Show 2018, conference and trade fair, London (UK), 13-14 March 2018
Giardini ME. Peek, the Portable Eye Examination Kit. Invited keynote at: Scotland's Universities: Connecting the Commonwealth, Glasgow (UK) 28 July 2014
Giardini ME. Peek, the Portable Eye Examination Kit. Invited keynote at: RNIB Technshare Europe 2014, Glasgow (UK) 4-5 September 2014
Giardini ME, Heyvaert S, Ottevaere H, Debaes C, Thienpont H, Brown CTA, Sibbett W, Dholakia K. Simple and scalable self-referenced configuration for laparoscopic Optical Coherence Tomography. Invited Communication at: Cancer Colloquium VII, St Andrews (UK) 9-12 November 2010
